ABSTRACT
The concept of Superconductors in relation to energy gap was considered in this study. The occurrence of the Meissner effect indicates that superconductivity cannot be understood simply as the idealization of perfect conductivity in classical physics. The major aim of this project is to study the concept of energy gap in super conductors other objectives of this study are to appraise the rate of superconductivity for energy gaps and to appraise the effectiveness of energy gap in superconductors. Superconductivity can be seen as a complete disappearance of electrical resistance in various solids when they are cooled below a characteristic temperature. The use of superconductors in magnets is limited by the fact that strong magnetic fields above a certain critical value cause a superconductor to revert to its normal, or non superconducting state. The theory of superconductivity has been tested in a wide range of experiments, involving, for example, ultrasonic absorption studies, nuclear-spin phenomena, low-frequency infrared absorption, and electron-tunneling experiments. In conclusion, superconductor energy gaps arise from changes in system entropy between the superconductor and the normal conductor in the phase transition and the ratio of the superconductor energy gap to the superconductor critical temperature depends upon the chemical structure of superconductor.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Declaration ii
Certification iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgement v
Table of Contents vi
List of Tables viii
Abstract ix
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Background of the Study 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 2
1.3 Aims and Objectives of the Study 2
1.4 Scope of the Study 2
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Definition of Terms 4
2.2 Theoretical Framework 7
2.3 Previous Works on Superconductors 7
2.4 Uniqueness of Superconductors 10
2.4.1 Basic properties of Superconductors 10
2.4.2 Thermal properties of Superconductors 18
2.5 Classification of Superconductors 22
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 Failure
of Classical Mechanics on Superconductivity 24
3.1.1 Wave Mechanics: The Wave Equation 24
3.2 Quantum Mechanical Explanation of Superconductivity 27
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 Fermi-Dirac Statistical Distribution at Low Temperature 34
4.1.1 The Fermi–Dirac Distribution 34
4.1.2 Fermi-Dirac Details 36
4.2 Effect of Fermi-Dirac Statistical Distribution on Superconductivity Resistance 38
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Summary 40
5.2 Conclusion 40
REFERENCES
